Al-shabab ni bande? Bafashwa na nde muri Afrika?

Abantu benshi barakunda kwumva havurwa umuhari w’iterabwoba wa al shabab, ariko ugasanga amamuko y’uwo muhari w’iterabwoba ntayo bazi. Nico gituma ikinyamakuru canyu IGIHE,cagerageje kubaronderera amamuko y’abarongoye uyo muhari w’intagondwa, abo bakorana, ukwo bakora n’iyo bakura uburyo.

Al-Shabab ni ukuvuga iki?

Al-Shabab ni ijambo riri mu rurimi rw’icarabu risigura abasore, canke abasore mu bwinshi. Al-Shabab watanguye mu mwaka w’ 2006 ari umurwi w’abasore b’umuhari w’intagondwa z’abasiramu bo muri Somaliya witwa Union of Islamic Courts. Uwo murwi ukaba wari mu ntambara n’abasirikare ba Ethiyopiya, bari bashigikiye Leta y’imfatakibanza itari ifise inguvu. Hari amakuru avuga ko muri al-Shabab harimwo abarwanyi b’abanyamahanga bavuga ko barwanira idini rya Islam, ayandi makuru akavuga ko al-Shabab ifitanye isano na al-Qaeda.

Uwo murwi w’al-Shabab ushobora kuba ufise abarwanyi bari hagati ya 7000- 9000. Uyo murwi uri ku rutonde rw’imirwi yagirizwa iterabwoba n’Ubwongereza hamwe na Leta zunzubumwe z’Amerika . Mu duce uyo murwi wa al shebab ugenzura, utegeka kwubahiriza amategeko akomeye ya Sharia, nko kwicisha amabuye abagore baba bafashwe bariko barashurashura no guca amaboko inkozi z’ikibi, cane cane abasuma, ndetse n’ukwica urw’agashinyaguro abantu batabashigikiye.

Al-Shabab igenzura akarere kangana gute?

N’aho al-Shabab imaze gutakaza ibisagara bitari bike, iracagenzura akarere kanini mu banyagihugu batobato. Mu kwezi kwa Myandagaro umwaka wa 2011, al shabab yakuwe ku murwa mukuru w’igihugu ca Somaliya Mogadishu, mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga naho umwaka w’ 2012, ikurwa ku kivuko ca Kismayo. Ikivuko ca Kismayo cari gikomeye cane kuri al-Shabab, kubera ko uyo muhari wakoresha ico kivuko mu kurungika ibikoresho mu karere ugenzura. Uyo muhari w’intagondwa ukaba wakura amafaranga ukoresha mu makori aho ku kivuko. Al-Shabab ariko n’ubu ukaba ukigira ibitero vy’ubwiyahuzi mu gisagara ca Mogadishu.

Abakurikirana ibintu n’ibindi, bavuga ko ubu al-Shabab ikoresha uburyo bwo kurwana kinyesshamba, uhanganye n’ingabo z’Afrrika ziri muri Somaliya. Kuva aho ingabo za Kenye zinjiriye muri Somaliya muri 2011, ibitero kuri al-Shabab vyariyongereye. Abasirikare ba Kenya batera al-Shabab bazananye mu Bumanuko bwa Kismayo, mu gihe basirikare ba Ethiyopiya nabo batera bazananye mu Burengero bw’ico gihugu, bakaba barigaruriye ibisagara vya Beledweyne na Baidoa.

Ninde ari muyobozi wa al-Shabab?

Al-Shabab iyoborwa na Ahmed Abdi Godane azwi kw’izina rya Mukthtar Abu Zubair. Uyo ayirongoye rero akaba yavukiye muri Hargeisa, mu gihugu ca Somaliland ( Somaliya) kw’igenekerezo rya 10 Mukakaro mu mwaka w’1973. Yatanguye kurongora uyo murwi w’intagondwa za al shabab inyuma y’igandagurwa rya Hoshi Ayrow, yishwe n’igitero c’indege z’abanyamerika ku wa mbere Rusama mu mwaka w’2008. Ubu azwi ku mazina menshi, muri ayo twovuga nka: Ahmed Abdi Aw Mohammed, Muktar Abdulrahim Abuzubair, Shaykh Mukhtar, Abu Zubeyr, Godani, Godane

Ni ibihe bitero yagirizwa?

Bimwe mu bitero yagirizwa ni nk’igitero yagize ku basirikare ba Ethiopiya mu kwezi kwa Ntwarante, umwaka w’2007, igandagurwa bunyamaswa ry’umucamanza wo mu gihugu ca Somaliya i Beledweyne muri rusama umwaka w’2007, ndetse inyuma y’amaezi make gusa, akaba yaciye aja mu barongozi b’uyo muhari w’intagondwa wa al- shabab.

Aragirizwa kuba yarateguye n’ibitero bitanu mu gihugu ca Somaliya, ndetse muri ivyo, kimwe, cahitanye abantu 26, abandi 29 barakomereka mu mwaka w’2008. Mu karere k’Ubuseruko bwa Afrika, iyo nkozi y’ikibi yoba yari inyuma y’igitero cahitanye abantu 70, mu gihugu c’Ubuganda harimwo n’umunyamerika umwe mu kwezi kwa Mukakaro, umwaka w’2010.

Al-Shabab ikorana na nde mu makungu?

al-Shabab yiyunze na al-Qaeda muri 2012. Umuyobozi w’al-Shabab avuga ko akurikirikiza amabwirizwa ya Ayman al-zawahir, umuyobozi w’al-Qaeda.

Ninde ashigikiye al-Shabab?

Eriteriya nico gihugu conyene mu karere gikorana na al-Shabab, ariko Eriteriya irabihakana yivuye inyuma ukwo gukorana yagirizwa. Eriteriya ifasha al-Shabab kubera ko iyifasha mu kurwanya Ethiyopiya. Mu mwaka wa 2006, Ethiyopiya yarungitse abasirikare muri Somaliya ibifashijwemwo na Leta zunzubumwe z’Amerika.

Abasirikare ba Ethiyopiya bavuye muri Somaliya mu mwaka wa 2009 bamaze gutakaza abasirikare batari bake. Al shabab yasubiyeyo mu 2011, ubu Ethiyopiya ikavuga ko izoshira akarere igenzura mu maboko y’abasirikare b’Afrika bari kugarukana amahoro aho mu gihugu ca Somaliya.