Ni gute twofasha abafise indwara zo mu mutwe?

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bishobora kwerekana umuntu afise ingorane zo mu mutwe, hari ugukora ibitaroranye, kuvuga nk’uwataye ubwenge, kugira inyifato isiga ubwenge, kwiyambura agashambara mu bantu canke mw’ibarabara, n’izindi nyifato ziteye amakenga.

Abantu bafise indwara zo mu mutwe bari mu mirwi itatu:

Umurwi wa mbere n’uwabafise indwara zo mu mutwe bita ama “nevrose”, umurwi wa kabiri, n’uwabafise indwara bita “psychose” hamwe n’umurwi wa gatatu wabafise “schizophrenie”. Abari mu murwi wa “nevrose”, ni ukuvuga ko bobo ubwa bo babona ko hari ibitagenda neza muri bo. Nk’akarorero, babonye nk’umuserebanyi baca bahunga. Muri ico gihe, iyo nyifato iyo ibandanije, vyerekana ko iyo ndwara ya nevrose iba yigaragaje.

Bwimwe mu bitera ubwo bwoko bw’indwara yo mu mutwe, hari ukuzazanirwa kurengeye mu vyiyumviro, umwumvikano muke mu kibano, umubabaro udasanzwe, ivyo bigaca bituma umuntu yumva ajingitiwe kuko aba yumva atamerewe neza mu kibano, akumva adashoboye kurangura bimwe bimwe mu bikorwa bivanze mbere no kugira ubwoba bwinshi.

Ku bari mu murwi wa “psychose” nabo, umuntu aba arwaye iyo ndwara yo mu mutwe, ubwiwe ntabona ko hari ikitagenda neza muri we. Abibwirwa n’abandi bamubona, yaba abari muhira canke abo bakorana. Akarorero, ni barya basazi baja mw’ibarabara, bari gusa, baja mu mayarara. Ubwa bo ntibabona ivyo baba bariko barakora. Bimwe muvyoba bitera iyo ndwara, hari igikomere mu bwonko, kunywa ibiyayuramutwe birengeje, kugira imyitwarariko irengeje, n’ubwenge bumera nk’ubugiye, kubura itiro, kugira intandara, guhagarika burundu giturumbuka ibiyayuramutwe, kubona canke kwumva urupfu rw’umuntu utari witeze, n’ibindi.

Nayo ku bari mu murwi wa schizophrenie, n’ababa barasambutse mu kamere n’inyifato yiwe, ntakiba kikiri kizima mu mutwe iwe. Akarorero kuri bene abo bantu bafise iyo ngorane, ashobora kubona nk’inkoko irenganye, akavuga ko yoshobora kuyiùira, n’abantu bavuga ibintu bidashoboka ko vyoba, bakavuga ko bashobora kugenda bariko baraguruka, bashobora kuba mu mazi, eka n’ibindi bitumvikana. Ivyoba bitera iyo ndwara, gushika ubu mu matohozwa akorwa, ntibiramenyekana neza, ariko ku bahinga bamwe bamwe, bavuga ko iyo ndwara yoba iterwa n’imyitwarariko y’ubuzima irengeye, kutamyenya ukungene umuntu yokwakira ibintu bibi bimushikiye n’ukungene yokwigenza, ku bantu bafise umutima woroshe. Nk’uko vyatohojwe n’ishirahamwe rihurikiyemwo abanyeshure banonosoye imico n’imibano, ryishinze guteza imbere amagara yo mu mutwe APROSAME (Association se Psychologue pour la Promotion de la Santé Mentale) mu Burundi. Intambara, indyane, ingorane z’ukubura incuti n’abangenzi, ingorane zo gukumirwa n’umiryango, ubukene, ugufatwa ku nguvu, vyoba biri mu bituma abantu bagira ingorane zo mutwe.

Mu matohozwa aheruka gukorwa n’iryo shirahamwe nyene mu ntara 14 z’Uburundi arizo ( Bujumbura Rural, Bubanza, Cibitoke, Kayanza, Muramvya, Mwaro, Gitega, Ruyigi, Kirundo, Cankuzo, Makamba, Bururi, Karusi na Muyinga) basanze muri izo ntara ubwo bwoko bw’indwara zo mu mutwe buhari kandi hose ku bitigiri biri hejuru. Thierry Nkurunziza arongoye ishirahamwe APROSAME, ari no mubagize amatohoze muri izo ntara 14, mu kiganiro yahaye abanditsi n’abamenyeshemakuru, yamenyesheje ko igititigiri c’abafise indwara zo mu mutwe kigeze ku 1687, abenshi bakaba bari hagati y’imyaka ya 20 na 45. Ku bibaza ko indwara zo mu mutwe zoba ziterwa n’uburozi, Thierry Nkurunziza , amenyesha ko ahubwo umuntu bobona atanguye kugaragaza bimwe muvyerekanye ko bishobora kuba bivuye ku ndwara zo mu mutwe, ko yonyarukira kwa muganga. Ico gihe, abajejwe kuraba bene izo ndwara, baca bamenya uburyo bwogufasha abahuye n’izo ngorane zo mu mutwe.

Ikindi naco, uwo muhinga avuga ko imiryango yorushirizaho kwitaho abafise ababo barwaye indwara zo mu mutwe. Mu kubarinda kuguma bonyene kugira ntibagumane akabonge, kubaganiriza igihe cose, kubagirisha imyimenyerezo yo kwinonora imitsi, kubagaburira neza, kubarinda gushavura canke kugira izindi ngorane izarizo zose, kuguma baruhutse. Ahamagarira kandi imiryango kugerageza kugira imibano myiza hagati yabo, kuko iyo imiryango igumye iryana, bigira ingaruka mbi ku bana, abenshi niyo bakuze, ingorane imiryango yabo yagize zibamugaruko, bamwe mbere bikanabarwaza mu mutwe ari naho hari abaca bafatwa n’indwara zo mu mutwe.

Mwomenya ko indwara zo mu mutwe, ari ndwara zidapfa gukira n’ubwo bagerageza kuzivura. Mu buvuzi, bivurwako indwara zo mu mutwe zitavurwa burundu, ahubwo bazirinda kubandanya ziduga, n’ivyo bita mu gifaransa, « Stabiliser les maladies mentales ».