Urutonde rw’ibibanza 10 bisinzikaje ibidukikije

Amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu Green Cross na Blacksmith Instutute yaratangaje urwandiko ruvuga ibibanza bibangamiye ibidukikije gusumvya ibindi kw ‘isi. Kuri urwo rutonde, harimwo ibibanza bitatu vyo muri Afrika, bimwe biri mu gihugu ca Ghana, muri Nigeriya, no muri Zambiya.

Ibibanza birenga 2000 bikwikragiye mu bihugu 49 vyizwe n’ikigo Blacksmith Institute kiri i New York, hamwe n’ikigo ca Green Cross International kiri mu gihugu c’Ubuswise, cashizweho n’uwahora arongoye igihugu c’Uburusiya Mikail Gorbatchev. Ururwandiko rugize gatatu ayo mashirahamwe mpuzamakungu atanze ku bibanza bisinzikaje ibidukikije gusumba ibindi.

Urwo rwandiko nyene rugerereranya abantu bashika imiliyoni 200 babangamiwe n’imyuka iva muri ivyo bibanza bivugwa, aha rero harimwo n’igice c’Uburaruko bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z ‘Amerika, n’igice c’Ubuseruko bw’i Buraya, mu turere turimwo amahinguriro adatunganije neza. Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’amagara y ‘abantu (OMS) hamwe n’ibanki y’isi (Banque Mondiale) bigereranya ibice 23 % vy’abantu bapfa bo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajambere bitumwe n’ibidukikije bifashwe nabi, ivyo bihugu rero bivamwo ibice 80 % vy’indwara zibangamiye amagara y’abantu kw’isi.

Mu gukora urwo rutonde, ayo mashirahamwe mpuzamakungu yisunze ingaruka mbi ziva mu vyuka biva mu mahinguriro. Urwo rwandiko rero rusaba ibihugu bitungwa agatoki gushiramwo ugushaka maze bamenye ingene batunganya ibijanye n’ivyo vyuka. Biraboneka neza ko gukinga ingaruka mbi z’ivyo vyuka bizimbutse gusumba kuvura.

Urutonde rw’ibibanza 10 bisinzikaje ibidukikije harimwo ibihugu bitatu vyo muri afrika.

Navyo n’ibi : Agbogbloshie, mu gisagara ca Accra, mu gihugu ca Ghana. Ico n’ikibanza ca kabiri kinini gisukwamwo imicafu ivuye mu mahinguriro yo muri Afrika y’uburengero. Muri iyo micafu harimwo ivyuma vy’imboneshakure, baraganyata "Frigo", n’ibindi ba bariko basubiramwo kandi bisaba ubuhinga buhambaye. Ku mwaka ku mwaka igihugu ca ga Ghana cinjiza hafi y’amatoni 215 000 y’ibihingurwa twokwita « produits electrogenes d’occasions », gica gisohora amatoni 129 000 y’imicafu iva muri ivyo vyuma, bibandanije uko imicafu iva muri « produits electrogenes » izogwizwa na kabiri kuva ubu gushika mu mwaka wa 2020.

Igisagara ca kabiri nico mu gihugu ca Zambiya citwa Kabwe. Kwimba inzahabu nivyo bisinzikaje ibidukikije, ico kibanza kiza ubwa mbere ku rutonde rwatanzwe n’aya mashirahamwe mpuzamakungu abiri. Mu cirwa cakozwe mu mwaka w’ 2006 ku magara y ‘abantu, urugero rw’icunyunyu plomb mu maraso y‘abana bavuka muri ako karere, basanga kiri ku rugero rwa gatanu na cumi gusumba ku rugero rusabwa. Igihugu ca Zambiya caragerageje kugabanya izo ngorane, ni nkaho imfashanyo itangwa n’ikigega Fonds Nordique c’iterambere ry’i banki y’isi (Banque Mondiale) ingana n’imiliyoni 26 hagati y’umwaka wa 2003 na 2011.

Mu gihugu ca Nigeriya i peteroli niyo igisibije. Akarere ka Delta Du Niger kangana ibirometero 70.000 karimwo n’abantu benshi cane baharugwa mu bice 8 % vy’ababa muri ico gihugu. Ako karere kimbamwo i peteroli kuvamu myaka ya 1950 harabangamiye ibidukikije biteye ubwoba. Mu mwaka w’2012, hafi amakunguru (barils) angana imiliyoni zibiri za peteroli, zirimbwa muri ako karere. Urugero rw’ amakunguru rungana 240 000 rw’i peteroli ruraseswa muri ako karere kubere ingorane zivuye ku buhinga bw’ivvuma canke ku zindi mpanuka.

Ivyo basuka vyica uruzi hamwe n’amazi ari mu kuzimu, ndetse n’umuyaga hamwe n’ibiterwa vyo mu karere. Amagara y’abantu baho bagaheza bagafatwa. Inkuru yakozwe n’ikinyamakuru Nigerian Medical Journal, kigereranya ibice 60% bigabanuka ku mfunguro zo mu miryango, hiyongera ibice 24% vy’imfungurwa mbi baha abana.

Urukurikirane rw’uturere 10 tubangamiye ibidukikije kw’isi :

1. Agbogbloshie,muri Ghana

2. Chernobyl, muri Ukraine

3. Citarum River, muri Indonésie

4. Dzershinsk, muri Russie

5. Hazaribagh, muri Bangladesh

6. Kabwe, muri Zambie

7. Kalimantan, muri Indonésie

8. Matanza Riachuelo, muri Argentine

9. Delta du Niger, muri Nigeria

10. Norilsk, muri Russie