Icayi mu Burundi : Ubutunzi, imibano, imibereho n’Imico

Tuvuze icayi rero mu Burundi twumva isi ndimwa, abantu, umwimbu, amahera, n’uko kinyobwa.

A . Icayi, itongo n’abantu

Uburimyi bw’icayi bukenera isi ndimwa n’abarimwi babishaka kandi babishoboye. Ico giterwa rero kirimwa mu bice vy’intara z’imisozi miremire (Kayanza, Cibitoke, Muramvya, Mwaro, Bujumbura na Bururi) n’abarimyi barenga ibihumbi mirongo itandatu (60 000).

Mu gushiraho ibitara vy’icayi ca Reta, ibiti, guca amabarabara no kwubaka amahinguriro, Reta yakoresheshe amatongo yayo n’ayabanyagihugu bahawe imizibukiro. Aho ni mu gihe amatongo asanzwe akenye cane, hari imanza n’ubu zitaracika zijanye n’ayo matongo. Hari kandi n’Abanyagihugu basubiye kwigarurira ivyayi vyari vyatewe mu matongo yabo kubwa komine canke umugambwe UPRONA wari ku butegetsi mu myaka iheze.

Twomenyesha ko abanyagihugu bahimirizwa cane kugira bemere gutanga amatongo yabo ngo batere icayi. Nko mu karere k’Ijenda, umuryango wose wasabwa gutera are 18. Ariko, n’aho abantu bemeye kurima icayi ku bwinshi, vyaragoranye ku gikurikirana neza, kuri bamwe bamwe.

Abarimwi rero b’icayi n’abanyagihugu, muri bo harimwo abahurikiye mu mashirahamwe. Ayo mashirahamwe yubatswe yisunze igicapo ca OTB. Bishobora kutwereka ukuntu abarimyi bariko bijukira guharanira inyungu z’abo. Iruhande y’amashirahwmwe y’abarimyi hari kandi amashirahamwe ategamiye Reta yitaho cane igiterwa c’icayi mu gushigikira abarimyi, amashirahamwe na Reta, bikerekana uko ico giterwa gihurumbirwa na benshi.

Twomenya kandi ko ivuka ry’ihinguriro ry’icayi ryigenga (PROTHEM) ryatumye agahembo ku barimyi kiyongera, bituma benshi bagikunda kandi bashaka kugitera, n’aho itongo n’imivyaro ari ikibazo. Abanyagihugu bamwe bamwe (mu karere ka Buhoro cane cane) baratanguye kwikorera imivyaro y’icayi.

Icayi rero kijana n’ibidukikije. Reta yarateye ibiti mu misozi ihanamye, irahimiriza kandi abanyagihugu ngo batere ibiti ku bwinshi. Ivyo biti bisanzwe bisharije imisozi, bitanga inkwi zikenewe mu guhingura icayi, ni navyo bitanga amakara akoreshawa mu bisagara, bigakoreshwa cane no mu kwubaka.

Gusoroma icayi bisaba abakozi benshi babishoboye. Ni naco gituma mu karere ka Mugamba usangamwo abakozi batari bake bava mu ntara zo hagati no mu buraruko bw’igihugu baje gukorera amahera, icayi kikaba kibifisemwo uruhara runini. Amashirahamwe ya OTB na PROTHEM nayo aratanga akazi cane ku bantu bagakeneye mu gusoroma canke mu ibindi bikorwa vyerekeye icayi. Muri kino gihe n’abakiri bato bahejeje amashure barasaba akazi ko kwiyungunganya mu mahinguriro y’icayi. Umugambi wa OTB wo gushira inguvu mu gukurikirana abarimwyi b’icayi watumye abatari bake baharonkera akazi. Mu bijanye n’akazi kandi, igisata c’icayi kiraha akazi abakozi b’abanyabiro benshi mu bisata vya Reta canke ivy’abarwizatunga.

B. Amahera y’icayi

Ku barimyi, amahera y’icayi ava ubwa mbere na mbere mu kugurisha umwimbu, ku mashirahamwe agihingura. Ayo mahera baronka bayita umufato, umwisho, agahembo, agatuma umurimyi yiyumva agaciro n’agateka nk’umukozi wa Reta. Ayo mahera afasha mu kwiyungunganya kwa minsi yose nko mu vyerekeye cane cane imfungurwa, amashure canke kwivuza. Umurimyi iyo ashikiwe n’icago runaka ashobora kugurana umubanyi akazomwishura ahembwe mu cayi, bigatuma imigenderanire mwiza no gufashanya ko mu kibano kwiyongera.

Hari kandi abadandaza (abavenderi) barangura icayi ku barimyi kugira bacishorere ku mahinguriro. N’aho uwo mugirwa utemewe n’ihinguriro nyamukuru OTB, werekana ingene icayi kigenda gishinga imizi mu mibano no mu bucuruzi buto buto bwo mu kibano.

Abarimyi b’icayi bararonka n’ingurane mu mashirahamwe yo kuguranana, bashigikiwe na OTB. Ayo mahera arabagirira akamaro mu kwikenura; ariko hari igihe kuyariha bigorana, bigatuma hari abarimyi baheba gukurikirana imirima canke bahindura ihinguriro bashoreramwo. Ivyo bikaba intambamyi mw’iterambere vy’icayi mu Burundi.

Ntitworeka kuvuga kandi n’abarimyi b’icayi batari bake bagurisha amase y’icayi kugira baronke amahera yo kwikenura, ivyo navyo bikaba ari iyindi ntambamyi ibangamiye icipfuzo co kurwiza umwimbu. Hari kandi n’abashira amase y’icayi mu biterwa mbumbarugo kugira vyongereze cane umwimbu.

C. Ikinyobwa c’icayi mu Burundi

N’aho icayi kinyobwa mu Burundi ari gike ugereranije n’igishoka mu makungu, biratwereka iterambere ry’imico n’imgenzo mu gufungura kw’Abarundi. N’aho bivurwa ko icayi kinyobwa cane n’abasirimu, bo mu bisagara, umuzo n’iterambere vy’amadini ya porotestanti vyarafashije abarundi mu guhurumbira ikinyobwa c’icayi.

Gutegura no kunywa icayi bisaba ibikoresho bimwe bimwe vyiharijwe nka teremosi, udukombe. Ni naco gituma umwigeme agiye kwubaka urwiwe anezerwa no gutwara ivyo bikoresho, akabona ko bimuhesha agaciro nk’umupfasoni w’iteka mu rugo. Hari kandi n’abanyagihugu bazi kwihingurira icayi co kwinywera mu miryango yabo, batarinze kukigura.

Iruhande y’icayi kinyobwa mu miryango, hari amazu y’ubudandanji ategura akagabura icayi, mu bisagara no mu misozi, kubera ko vyabaye umugenzo kunywa icayi mu gitondo. Kandi rero « icayi » gishobora gusigura ivyo kurya canke vyo kunywa vyose vyo mu gitondo. Ni kandi umugenzo mu Burundi guha icayi n’umukate umurwayi; nk’uko bihimbara cane kurungikira icayi canke ikawe incuti canke umugenzi ari mu mahanga. Icayi gikenera kandi isukari, amata, umukate canke ubuki (ku bashoboye kubigura).

Icayi kandi kiranyobwa mu bundi buhinga butemewe n’amategeko y’Igihugu. Ni nk’inzoga abarundi bahingura (umunanasi, umudiringi…) bakoresheje icayi. N’aho bigoye kumenya urugero izo nzoga zihingurwako canke zinyobwako, birerekana ingene abarundi bashimye gukoresha icayi muvyo bashira imbere kurusha ibindi : akayoga.

Mu guheza, twovuga ko icayi gifise ikibanza mu butunzi, mu mibano no mu mico y’Abarundi. N’aho ikawa ariyo yatanguye kurimwa kandi iboneka henshi mu gihugu, twovuga ko icayi kiza imbere mu butunzi, imibano, n’imico y’abantu ; na cane cane ko icayi kinyobwa cane kuruta ikawa. Nk’akarorero, mu ndwi yahariwe icayi, abitaho ico giterwa barahura ; ariko n’abandi bakorera mu bindi bisata vy’igihugu (uburimyi, amahinguriro, amabanki,..) bararonka akanya ko kuganira ivyerekeye ubutunzi bw’igihugu n’akarere. Ico giterwa-kidandazwa kibandanya congereza ikibanza gifise mu butunzi, mu mibano no mu mico y’Abarundi ; kugira kibe koko umurima rusangi.

Ayo makuru tuyakesha, Eric Ndayisaba, Umwigisha-mushakashatsi wo kw’ishure nderabigisha ENS.